Table 2 Comparison of all questionnaire item responses between the control and experimental groups
Q | Group | N | Descriptive statistics | Test statistics from Mann–Whitney U tests | ||||||
M ± SD | Median | Mean rank | Sum of ranks | U | z | p-value | ||||
Q1 | CG | 26 | 3.15 ± 1.01 | 3.0 | 19.37 | 503.50 | 152.5 | -3.56 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.15 ± 0.78 | 4.0 | 33.63 | 874.50 | |||||
Q2 | CG | 26 | 2.58 ± 0.81 | 3.0 | 14.88 | 387.00 | 36.0 | -5.71 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.50 ± 0.71 | 5.0 | 38.12 | 991.00 | |||||
Q3 | CG | 26 | 3.46 ± 0.76 | 4.0 | 19.00 | 494.00 | 143.0 | -3.96 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.31 ± 0.55 | 4.0 | 34.00 | 884.00 | |||||
Q4 | CG | 26 | 3.38 ± 0.70 | 3.5 | 17.13 | 445.50 | 94.5 | -4.73 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.50 ± 0.65 | 5.0 | 35.87 | 932.50 | |||||
Q5 | CG | 26 | 2.73 ± 0.87 | 3.0 | 17.08 | 444.00 | 93.0 | -4.67 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.08 ± 0.74 | 4.0 | 35.92 | 934.00 | |||||
Q6 | CG | 26 | 2.0 ± 0.85 | 2.0 | 13.85 | 360.00 | 9.0 | -6.15 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.38 ± 0.64 | 4.0 | 39.15 | 1018.00 | |||||
Q7 | CG | 26 | 3.54 ± 0.81 | 4.0 | 20.85 | 542.00 | 191.0 | -2.95 | 0.003* | |
EG | 26 | 4.23 ± 0.71 | 4.0 | 32.15 | 836.00 | |||||
Q8 | CG | 26 | 2.50 ± 0.95 | 2.5 | 16.50 | 429.00 | 78.0 | -4.91 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.12 ± 0.86 | 4.0 | 36.50 | 949.00 | |||||
Q9 | CG | 26 | 3.62 ± 0.90 | 4.0 | 20.63 | 536.50 | 185.5 | -2.97 | 0.003* | |
EG | 26 | 4.35 ± 0.69 | 4.0 | 32.37 | 841.50 | |||||
Q10 | CG | 26 | 3.46 ± 0.65 | 4.0 | 19.65 | 511.00 | 160.0 | -3.54 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.23 ± 0.71 | 4.0 | 33.35 | 867.00 | |||||
Q11 | CG | 26 | 3.50 ± 0.71 | 4.0 | 18.25 | 474.50 | 123.5 | -4.36 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.42 ± 0.58 | 4.0 | 34.75 | 903.50 | |||||
Q12 | CG | 26 | 3.42 ± 0.70 | 4.0 | 18.73 | 487.00 | 136.0 | -3.91 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.35 ± 0.85 | 5.0 | 34.27 | 891.00 | |||||
Q13 | CG | 26 | 3.31 ± 0.79 | 3.5 | 16.31 | 424.00 | 73.0 | -5.11 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.62 ± 0.64 | 5.0 | 36.69 | 954.00 | |||||
Q14 | CG | 26 | 3.31 ± 0.79 | 3.0 | 17.38 | 452.00 | 101.0 | -4.62 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.42 ± 0.64 | 4.5 | 35.62 | 926.00 | |||||
Q15 | CG | 26 | 3.12 ± 0.91 | 3.0 | 17.04 | 443.00 | 92.0 | -4.82 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.38 ± 0.57 | 4.0 | 35.96 | 935.00 | |||||
Q16 | CG | 26 | 2.31 ± 0.79 | 2.5 | 14.65 | 381.00 | 30.0 | -5.81 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.42 ± 0.81 | 5.0 | 38.35 | 997.00 | |||||
Q17 | CG | 26 | 3.04 ± 0.82 | 3.0 | 16.62 | 432.00 | 81.0 | -4.88 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.46 ± 0.76 | 5.0 | 36.38 | 946.00 | |||||
Q18 | CG | 26 | 3.35 ± 0.69 | 3.0 | 18.75 | 487.50 | 136.5 | -3.87 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.31 ± 0.88 | 5.0 | 34.25 | 890.50 | |||||
Q19 | CG | 26 | 3.12 ± 0.95 | 3.0 | 17.44 | 453.50 | 102.5 | -4.59 | 0.000** | |
EG | 26 | 4.35 ± 0.63 | 4.0 | 35.56 | 924.50 | |||||
Q20 | CG | 26 | 3.88 ± 0.65 | 4.0 | 31.75 | 825.50 | 201.5 | -2.75 | 0.006* | |
EG | 26 | 3.31 ± 0.68 | 3.0 | 21.25 | 552.50 | |||||
Q21 | CG | 26 | 3.96 ± 0.60 | 4.0 | 20.37 | 529.50 | 178.5 | -3.24 | 0.001* | |
EG | 26 | 4.54 ± 0.58 | 5.0 | 32.63 | 848.50 | |||||
Q22 | CG | 26 | 3.92 ± 0.27 | 4.0 | 23.19 | 603.00 | 252.0 | -2.66 | 0.008* | |
EG | 26 | 4.19 ± 0.40 | 4.0 | 29.81 | 775.00 | |||||
