Table 1 Background factors and residents’ characteristics, among future specialty

Hospital-level variables (%)

Hospital type

 University

489 (11.21)

153 (10.68)

31 (7.60)

22 (8.24)

28 (13.08)

34 (19.65)

22 (20.18)

21 (17.80)

7 (7.29)

8 (6.61)

28 (9.18)

 University branch

325 (7.45)

115 (8.03)

31 (7.60)

22 (8.24)

16 (7.48)

8 (4.62)

12 (11.01)

15 (12.71)

10 (10.42)

6 (4.96)

22 (7.21)

 Community

3549 (81.34)

1165 (81.3)

346 (84.80)

223 (83.52)

170 (79.44)

131 (75.72)

75 (68.81)

82 (69.49)

79 (82.29)

107 (88.43)

255 (83.61)

Hospital location

 Urban

1408 (32.27)

515 (35.94)

135 (33.09)

91 (34.08)

75 (35.05)

47 (27.17)

36 (33.03)

40 (33.90)

25 (26.04)

35 (28.93)

92 (30.16)

 Rural

2955 (67.73)

918 (64.06)

273 (66.91)

176 (65.92)

139 (64.95)

126 (72.83)

73 (66.97)

78 (66.10)

71 (73.96)

86 (71.07)

213 (69.84)

Number of beds

558.74 (228.99)

564.87 (227.77)

570.67 (229.35)

586.87 (232.57)

608.24 (226.2)

529.53 (239.82)

593.55 (254.93)

549.13 (242.36)

549.6 (198.19)

548.4 (204.13)

537.65 (220.65)

Resident-level variables (%)

Sex

 Men

3009 (68.97)

1026 (71.60)

307 (75.25)

156 (58.43)

71 (33.18)

132 (76.30)

51 (46.79)

69 (58.47)

58 (60.42)

104 (85.95)

277 (90.82)

 Women

1354 (31.03)

407 (28.40)

101 (24.75)

111 (41.57)

143 (66.82)

41 (23.70)

58 (53.21)

49 (41.53)

38 (39.58)

17 (14.05)

28 (9.18)

Post-graduate training level

 PGY-1

1801 (41.28)

615 (42.92)

149 (36.52)

104 (38.95)

74 (34.58)

51 (29.48)

32 (29.36)

44 (37.29)

29 (30.21)

37 (30.58)

115 (37.7)

 PGY-2

2562 (58.72)

818 (57.08)

259 (63.48)

163 (61.05)

140 (65.42)

122 (70.52)

77 (70.64)

74 (62.71)

67 (69.79)

84 (69.42)

190 (62.3)

Emergency department shifts per month

 None

152 (3.48)

44 (3.07)

9 (2.21)

9 (3.37)

8 (3.74)

8 (4.62)

5 (4.59)

6 (5.08)

6 (6.25)

9 (2.95)

 1–2

688 (15.77)

217 (15.14)

57 (13.97)

38 (14.23)

34 (15.89)

39 (22.54)

33 (30.28)

23 (19.49)

15 (15.63)

19 (15.7)

33 (10.82)

 3–5

3099 (71.03)

1051 (73.34)

290 (71.08)

194 (72.66)

157 (73.36)

115 (66.47)

62 (56.88)

81 (68.64)

68 (70.83)

87 (71.9)

222 (72.79)

 6 or more

396 (9.08)

115 (8.03)

50 (12.25)

26 (9.74)

12 (5.61)

10 (5.78)

7 (6.42)

7 (5.93)

6 (6.25)

14 (11.57)

40 (13.11)

 Unknown

28 (0.64)

6 (0.42)

2 (0.49)

3 (1.40)

1 (0.58)

2 (1.83)

1 (0.85)

1 (1.04)

1 (0.83)

1 (0.33)

Average number of inpatients assigned

 0–4

1292 (29.61)

365 (25.47)

111 (27.21)

79 (29.59)

68 (31.78)

66 (38.15)

34 (31.19)

41 (34.75)

43 (44.79)

44 (36.36)

92 (30.16)

 5–9

2428 (55.65)

859 (59.94)

225 (55.15)

152 (56.93)

123 (57.48)

78 (45.09)

60 (55.05)

58 (49.15)

44 (45.83)

62 (51.24)

168 (55.08)

 10–14

402 (9.21)

146 (10.19)

48 (11.76)

21 (7.87)

13 (6.07)

22 (12.72)

12 (11.01)

14 (11.86)

5 (5.21)

8 (6.61)

26 (8.52)

 15 or more

115 (2.64)

35 (2.44)

12 (2.94)

6 (2.25)

4 (1.87)

3 (1.73)

3 (2.54)

3 (3.13)

2 (1.65)

7 (2.30)

 Unknown

126 (2.89)

28 (1.95)

12 (2.94)

9 (3.37)

6 (2.80)

4 (2.31)

3 (2.75)

2 (1.69)

1 (1.04)

5 (4.13)

12 (3.93)

Average duty hours worked per week

 59 or fewer

1765 (40.45)

554 (38.66)

142 (34.80)

108 (40.45)

77 (35.98)

98 (56.65)

52 (47.71)

62 (52.54)

37 (38.54)

50 (41.32)

107 (35.08)

 60–79

1552 (35.57)

515 (35.94)

142 (34.80)

98 (36.7)

83 (38.79)

62 (35.84)

31 (28.44)

34 (28.81)

37 (38.54)

44 (36.36)

108 (35.41)

 80 or more

1046 (23.97)

364 (25.40)

124 (30.39)

61 (22.85)

54 (25.23)

13 (7.51)

26 (23.85)

22 (18.64)

22 (22.92)

27 (22.31)

90 (29.51)

Average time spent studying per week

 0–30 min

1752 (40.16)

513 (35.80)

152 (37.25)

100 (37.45)

87 (40.65)

90 (52.02)

55 (50.46)

54 (45.76)

38 (39.58)

56 (46.28)

134 (43.93)

 31–60 min

1734 (39.74)

583 (40.68)

164 (40.20)

119 (44.57)

101 (47.20)

55 (31.79)

34 (31.19)

45 (38.14)

45 (46.88)

49 (40.5)

105 (34.43)

 61–90 min

560 (12.84)

225 (15.70)

63 (15.44)

33 (12.36)

18 (8.41)

18 (10.40)

11 (10.09)

12 (10.17)

8 (8.33)

12 (9.92)

43 (14.10)

 91 min or more

158 (3.62)

71 (4.95)

15 (3.68)

10 (3.75)

3 (1.40)

3 (1.73)

2 (1.83)

2 (1.69)

2 (2.08)

1 (0.83)

8 (2.62)

 None

159 (3.64)

41 (2.86)

14 (3.43)

5 (1.87)

5 (2.34)

7 (4.05)

7 (6.42)

5 (4.24)

3 (3.13)

3 (2.48)

15 (4.92)

GM-ITE score (SD)

20.65

19.04

56.07

56.88

50

Total; Max 80

44.62 (6.94)

45.86 (7.01)

44.69 (6.44)

44.74 (6.37)

45.39 (5.95)

43.34 (6.79)

42.06 (6.23)

40.44 (5.91)

42.72 (6.41)

43.77 (6.79)

42.75 (6.3)

Medical interview and professionalism; Max 8

6.26 (1.11)

6.34 (1.06)

6.15 (1.11)

6.33 (1.15)

6.27 (1.06)

6.34 (1.14)

6.19 (1.08)

6.07 (1.17)

6.23 (1.25)

6.2 (1.12)

6.09 (1.14)

Symptomatology and clinical reasoning; Max 18

10.92 (2.35)

11.39 (2.38)

11.09 (2.19)

10.74 (2.17)

11.01 (2.2)

10.45 (2.17)

9.94 (2.21)

9.71 (2.05)

10.2 (2.25)

10.95 (2.29)

10.3 (2.24)

Physical examination and procedure; Max 18

9.42 (2.22)

9.68 (2.28)

9.33 (2.09)

9.4 (2.09)

9.76 (2.26)

8.97 (2)

8.77 (2.23)

8.64 (2.06)

9.09 (1.95)

9.04 (2.05)

8.97 (2.09)

Disease knowledge; Max 36

18.02 (3.92)

18.44 (3.95)

18.12 (3.78)

18.27 (3.85)

18.35 (3.54)

17.58 (4.2)

17.16 (3.45)

16.03 (3.98)

17.2 (3.71)

17.58 (4.01)

17.41 (3.57)

Hospital-level variables (%)

Hospital type

 University

9 (7.69)

7 (8.43)

19 (15.08)

17 (10.3)

21 (22.58)

6 (19.35)

4 (14.81)

1 (33.33)

14 (13.86)

6 (7.89)

31 (10.44)

 University branch

2 (1.71)

7 (8.43)

7 (5.56)

13 (7.88)

3 (3.23)

1 (3.23)

1 (3.70)

6 (5.94)

3 (3.95)

25 (8.42)

 Community

106 (90.60)

69 (83.13)

100 (79.37)

135 (81.82)

69 (74.19)

24 (77.42)

22 (81.50)

2 (66.67)

81 (80.20)

67 (88.16)

241 (81.14)

Hospital location

 Urban

28 (23.93)

33 (39.76)

33 (26.19)

52 (31.52)

25 (26.88)

10 (32.26)

14 (51.85)

1 (33.33)

22 (21.78)

25 (32.89)

74 (24.92)

 Rural

89 (76.07)

50 (60.24)

93 (73.81)

113 (68.48)

68 (73.12)

21 (67.74)

13 (48.15)

2 (66.67)

79 (78.22)

51 (67.11)

223 (75.08)

Number of beds

529.03 (216.92)

534.31 (235.37)

605.04 (251.44)

552.89 (219.34)

566.95 (212.39)

513.61 (283.45)

497.48 (198.3)

523.33 (430.85)

479.3 (231.05)

526.91 (234.78)

534.1 (220.61)

Resident-level variables (%)

Sex

 Men

102 (87.18)

45 (54.22)

89 (70.63)

91 (55.15)

79 (84.95)

19 (61.29)

19 (70.37)

2 (66.67)

69 (68.32)

54 (71.05)

189 (63.64)

 Women

15 (12.82)

38 (45.78)

37 (29.37)

74 (44.85)

14 (15.05)

12 (38.71)

8 (29.63)

1 (33.33)

32 (31.68)

22 (28.95)

108 (36.36)

Post-graduate training level

 PGY-1

49 (41.88)

24 (28.92)

38 (30.16)

50 (30.3)

28 (30.11)

13 (41.94)

12 (44.44)

3 (100)

33 (32.67)

22 (28.95)

279 (93.94)

 PGY-2

68 (58.12)

59 (71.08)

88 (69.84)

115 (69.7)

65 (69.89)

18 (58.06)

15 (55.56)

68 (67.33)

54 (71.05)

18 (6.06)

Emergency department shifts per month

 None

1 (0.85)

2 (2.41)

5 (3.97)

8 (4.85)

5 (5.38)

1 (33.33)

3 (2.97)

6 (7.89)

17 (5.72)

 1–2

11 (9.40)

13 (15.66)

21 (16.67)

25 (15.15)

17 (18.28)

6 (19.35)

8 (29.63)

18 (17.82)

17 (22.37)

44 (14.81)

 3–5

89 (76.07)

60 (72.29)

86 (68.25)

114 (69.09)

64 (68.82)

23 (74.19)

17 (62.96)

2 (66.67)

71 (70.30)

45 (59.21)

201 (67.68)

 6 or more

16 (13.68)

8 (9.64)

13 (10.32)

17 (10.30)

5 (5.38)

1 (3.23)

2 (7.41)

8 (7.92)

8 (10.53)

31 (10.44)

 Unknown

1 (0.79)

1 (0.61)

2 (2.15)

1 (3.23)

1 (0.99)

4 (1.35)

Average number of inpatients assigned

 0–4

29 (24.79)

28 (33.73)

34 (26.98)

37 (22.42)

44 (47.31)

12 (38.71)

14 (51.85)

1 (33.33)

31 (30.69)

25 (32.89)

94 (31.65)

 5–9

57 (48.72)

45 (54.22)

76 (60.32)

98 (59.39)

42 (45.16)

15 (48.39)

12 (44.44)

2 (66.67)

53 (52.48)

41 (53.95)

158 (53.2)

 10–14

16 (13.68)

8 (9.64)

11 (8.73)

13 (7.88)

3 (3.23)

2 (6.45)

1 (3.70)

9 (8.91)

4 (5.26)

20 (6.73)

 15 or more

10 (8.55)

5 (3.97)

6 (3.64)

1 (1.08)

5 (4.95)

3 (3.95)

10 (3.37)

 Unknown

5 (4.27)

2 (2.41)

11 (6.67)

3 (3.23)

2 (6.45)

3 (2.97)

3 (3.95)

15 (5.05)

Average duty hours worked per week

 59 or fewer

33 (28.21)

30 (36.14)

54 (42.86)

70 (42.42)

51 (54.84)

14 (45.16)

20 (74.07)

2 (66.67)

38 (37.62)

38 (50.00)

128 (43.1)

 60–79

42 (35.9)

40 (48.19)

45 (35.71)

62 (37.58)

27 (29.03)

8 (25.81)

5 (18.52)

1 (33.33)

45 (44.55)

21 (27.63)

102 (34.34)

 80 or more

42 (35.9)

13 (15.66)

27 (21.43)

33 (20)

15 (16.13)

9 (29.03)

2 (7.41)

18 (17.82)

17 (22.37)

67 (22.56)

Average time spent studying per week

 0–30 min

39 (33.33)

37 (44.58)

49 (38.89)

69 (41.82)

36 (38.71)

11 (35.48)

7 (25.93)

1 (33.33)

32 (31.68)

42 (55.26)

150 (50.51)

 31–60 min

47 (40.17)

31 (37.35)

52 (41.27)

75 (45.45)

40 (43.01)

15 (48.39)

11 (40.74)

1 (33.33)

42 (41.58)

22 (28.95)

98 (33.0)

 61–90 min

18 (15.38)

9 (10.84)

15 (11.9)

11 (6.67)

6 (6.45)

6 (22.22)

1 (33.33)

20 (19.80)

3 (3.95)

28 (9.43)

 91 min or more

10 (8.55)

1 (1.20)

6 (4.76)

5 (3.03)

7 (7.53)

2 (7.41)

5 (4.95)

2 (2.63)

3 (1.01)

 None

3 (2.56)

5 (6.02)

4 (3.17)

5 (3.03)

4 (4.3)

5 (16.13)

1 (3.7)

2 (1.98)

7 (9.21)

18 (6.06)

GM-ITE score (SD)

23.93

51.61

24.75

64.47

56.57

Total; Max 80

45.74 (7.68)

42.31 (6.95)

46.98 (7.56)

44.75 (6.63)

44.6 (6.84)

41.84 (6.89)

44.59 (7.12)

45 (6.24)

47.66 (7.08)

42.62 (7.42)

43.05 (7.09)

Medical interview and professionalism; Max 8

6.22 (1.17)

6.22 (1.02)

6.29 (1.05)

6.18 (1.19)

6.27 (1.19)

6.29 (1.22)

6.63 (1.01)

7.67 (0.58)

6.51 (1.04)

6.07 (1.39)

6.21 (1.13)

Symptomatology and clinical reasoning; Max 18

11.28 (2.51)

10.19 (2.3)

11.63 (2.43)

10.58 (2.2)

10.86 (2.32)

9.87 (2.09)

10.7 (2.38)

9.67 (2.89)

11.83 (2.28)

10.21 (2.43)

10.48 (2.26)

Physical examination and procedure; Max 18

9.67 (2.18)

9.29 (2.18)

10 (2.4)

9.37 (2.28)

9.59 (2.02)

8.68 (1.97)

9.41 (1.91)

9 (4.58)

9.98 (2.24)

9.22 (2.18)

9.16 (2.27)

Disease knowledge; Max 36

18.57 (4.45)

16.61 (4.02)

19.07 (3.78)

18.61 (3.54)

17.88 (3.73)

17 (4.35)

17.85 (3.9)

18.67 (3.06)

19.34 (3.84)

17.12 (4.1)

17.19 (3.97)